Preparation of manuscripts
Submitted manuscripts must be clear and comprehensible to the editors and reviewers. Poor language quality may result in a submission being declined before the review process. The specific EJE formatting requirements outlined below will apply to papers likely to be accepted.
Heading: Provide a title, full name(s) of the author(s) [surname(s) in capital letters], and full address, including email, each on a separate line. Include the ORCID for all registered authors. Titles should exclude authors of taxa and years of description. Where appropriate, they should include the names of higher taxa of the insects studied, typically order and family (e.g., Diptera: Muscidae).
Key words: Select up to about 7 keywords that supplement those in the title.
Abstract: Summarise the contents of the paper, highlighting the relevance of the work, the most significant results and main conclusion(s). Use standard scientific nomenclature and avoid references, abbreviations, equations and quotations. Abstracts of taxonomic papers should mention all nomenclatural acts and list any newly proposed nominal taxa.
Structure: The standard order of sections for original papers is: Introduction, Material and methods, Results, Discussion (the last two sections may be combined), Acknowledgements, References, Footnotes, Tables, Figure Legends. Use footnotes sparingly and number them consecutively throughout the text. Each genus- and species-group name mentioned should appear at least once (preferably when first used or in the Material and methods) in connection with its author (and year of description for taxonomic papers). Do not abbreviate authors' names.
Language quality: Authors are encouraged to use Artificial Intelligence tools to enhance the quality of their writing, particularly if none of the co-authors are native English speakers. Tools such as DeepL, ChatGPT, or similar services (free or paid) can assist in improving the clarity and readability of submissions. While the authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy and content of their manuscripts, these tools can be valuable aids for refining presentation and readability. We prefer the British spelling, but US spelling is accepted if used consistently.
References: (a) In text: Tröster (1990); (Lawrence, 1992); Brothers & Finnamore (1993); Enghoff et al. (1993). All publications referred to in the text (including synonymical lists of taxonomic papers) must be cited in full in the list of references. (b) Under References: Arrange authors alphabetically, with multiple papers of the same author arranged chronologically. Cite up to 10 authors (followed by “et al.” if the publication has more than 10 authors) and full title. Do not capitalize authors’ names. In journal articles, separate title and journal’s name by an m-dash (—) (see examples below). Abbreviated names of periodicals should be those cited in the World List of Scientific Periodicals, 4th Edition, Butterworths, London, 1964–1965 (if you are not certain about the correct abbreviation, give the journal’s name in full). If possible, DOI should be included for non-final articles (in press, prepublished online), or upon special request of the editors. Examples:
1. Standard paper in a continuously paginated journal; give issue number (in parentheses following volume) if each issue is paginated separately:
Enghoff H., Dohle W. & Blower J.G. 1993: Anamorphosis in millipedes (Diplopoda) – the present state of knowledge with some developmental and phylogenetic considerations. — Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 109: 103–234.
Article prepublished online (without volume and final pagination):
Mullens N., Sonet G., Virgilio M., Goergen G., Janssens S.B., De Meyer M. & Jordaens K. 2022: Systematics of Afrotropical Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) using mitochondrial phylogenomics. — Syst. Entomol. (prepublished online), 14 pp. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12532
2. Papers from journals in which each article is paginated separately:
Tröster G. 1990: Der Kopf von Hybophthirus notophallus (Neumann) (Phthiraptera: Anoplura). Eine funktionsmorphologische und konsequent-phylogenetische Analyse. — Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. (A) No. 442, 89 pp.
Number of pages is required also for online journals which do not include pages in their own suggested form of citation:
Regier J.C., Mitter C., Zwick A., Bazinet A.L., Cummings M.P., Kawahara A.Y., Sohn J.-C., Zwickl D.J., Cho S., Davis D.R. et al. 2013: A large-scale, higher-level, molecular phylogenetic study of the insect order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). — PLoS ONE 8(3): e58568, 23 pp.
3. When citing a book, capitalize words in title, give publisher (or “By the author” if self-published), place and number of pages:
Lawrence P.A. 1992: The Making of a Fly. The Genetics of Animal Design. Blackwell Scientific, Cambridge, MA, 228 pp.
Vinogradova E.B. 2000: Culex pipiens pipiens Mosquitoes: Taxonomy, Distribution, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics, Applied Importance and Control. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, 250 pp.
4. Cite a book chapter as follows:
Brothers D.J. & Finnamore A.T. 1993: Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet H. & Huber J.T. (eds): Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 161–278.
5. Conference proceedings/articles should be cited as books/book chapters (i.e., with editors if stated on the publication, publisher and place), not as periodicals:
Wolf K.W & Bastmeyer M. 1990: Double spermatogenesis in Lepidoptera: Strain-specific differences in the apyrene meiosis of Ephestia kuehniella Z. In Hoshi M. & Yamashita O. (eds): Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction 5. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Invertebrate Reproduction, Nagoya, Japan, July 23-28, 1989. Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, pp. 523–529.
6. Unpublished theses should be cited as follows:
Marinoni R.C. 1979: Contribuição a Sistemática de Lamiinae (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera). Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, vi+147 pp.
7. Titles of publications in languages other than English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian should be replaced by an English translation, with an explanatory note at the end, such as [in Chinese, English abstract]:
Ivanova-Kazas O.M. 1981: Comparative Embryology of Invertebrate Animals. Atelocerata. Nauka, Moscow, 208 pp. [in Russian].
8. Web sites as a source of cited data should be avoided because the material is unpublished, may change frequently and the sites often do not backup/provide access to previous versions. Cite well-established online data sources as follows. When author(s)/editor(s) are available (if the source appears in clearly defined numbered versions, you can provide just a general link to the entire site and the date of last access is not required):
Aarvik L.E. 2013: Tortricidae. In Karsholt O. & Nieukerken E.J. van (eds): Lepidoptera, Moths. Fauna Europaea Version 2.6.2. URL: http://www.faunaeur.org.
When author(s) are not available (e.g., if the site is maintained by the user community - please avoid citing such sources unless you have very strong reasons to do so) and/or the source does not appear in clearly defined numbered versions:
Biological Library 2016: Family Longhorn Beetles, Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802. URL: http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id10991/ (last accessed 4 Jan. 2016).
Use italics as follows: In text: Latin names of taxa up to the genus level (but not other Latin words or abbreviations such as “et al.”, “s. str.” etc.). In the list of references: Latin names of taxa, names of periodicals, and titles of books except for words that would be in italics in regular text (such as names of genera and species). If your software has that option, use the Small Capitals typeface for author names in the list of references (but never type them in capitals from your keyboard).
When preparing illustrations and tables, please consider the page size of the journal, which is 170x247 mm, column width 82.5 mm. Illustrations (including graphs) and their caption or legends should form a separate, fully self-explanatory unit. Explain abbreviations in legends, or (if too numerous) collect them elsewhere in a list (preferably in Material and methods). Do not use very fine lines or dots in drawings that are to be significantly reduced (in computer lineart files, lines and dots should be at least three pixels wide at print size). Illustrate fine details separately sufficiently enlarged and do not include them in overviews, which must then be published oversized. Illustrations should be arranged into blocks or plates by the authors. Morphological illustrations (if not schematic) should include scale bars. Tables should include headings with explanations and should be numbered consecutively. Approximate position of figures and tables should be indicated in the manuscript. Text references to illustrations and tables should be: Fig. 1; Figs 1, 2; Figs 1–3; Table 1; Tables 2, 3; Tables 1–3.
Submission
Manuscripts must be submitted through our electronic submission system. The text should be in an editable form (not PDF); please switch on text line numbering to make the reviewers’ work easier.
The final text accepted for publication must be supplied in an editable electronic form (preferably accompanied by a PDF file with all fonts embedded to ensure that special characters are typeset correctly; make sure at proofreading that all special characters appear as intended). Rich Text Format (.RTF), MS Word (.DOC) or the public domain .DOCX are suitable editable formats. Format the text as simply as possible and do not try to match the journal’s appearance, we will completely reformat all accepted papers and remove all formatting options except for italics and small capitals.
Graphics in manuscripts submitted to our ScholarOne editorial system for evaluation should be preferably .TIF or .JPG files at a resolution sufficient for evaluation of the results. ScholarOne may be unable to handle some other graphic formats and cannot handle bitmap images larger than 40 megapixels even if they are .TIF or .JPG files.
Final graphics for publication should be provided in an electronic form in some common bitmap graphic format, such as Tagged Image File Format (.TIF). Highly compressed .JPG files may not be usable due to compression artifacts. Do not submit graphics imported into a word processor or presentation format (e.g., as .DOC or .PPT files). Required modes and minimum resolutions for bitmap graphic files: Colour in 24-bit RGB mode, 300–400 dpi at print size; halftones in 8-bit grayscale mode, 300–400 dpi at print size; line art in 1-bit black-and-white mode, preferably 1,200 dpi (and not less than 600 dpi for schemes, graphs, etc.) at print size. “Print size” refers to the journal’s page size which is 170x247 mm, column width 82.5 mm. If needed, see here for additional information about submitting bitmap graphics. Non-bitmap graphic files may not open correctly on all computers and we strongly urge the authors to consult the Editorial Office in advance; in particular, all fonts used should always be embedded.