Eur. J. Entomol. 116: 221-228, 2019 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2019.024

Host-based genetic divergence in populations of an exotic spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)Original article

Thangavel BOOPATHI1, Subbarayalu MOHANKUMAR2, GAYACHARAN1, Manickavasagam Pillai KALYANASUNDARAM3, Soibam Basanta SINGH4, Ramaraju ARAVINDRAJ2, Bangaru PREETHA2, Kandasamy SANKARI MEENA5, Kothandaraman CHANDRASEKAR6
1 ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi - 110012, India; e-mails: boopathiars@gmail.com, gayabio83@gmail.com
2 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, Tamil Nadu, India; e-mails: smktnau@gmail.com, aaravindr@gmail.com, preebiotech2010@gmail.com
3 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, Tamil Nadu, India; e-mail: tnaukalyan1@rediffmail.com
4 Central Agricultural University, Imphal - 795004, Manipur, India; e-mail: basantasinghsoibam@rediffmail.com
5 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack - 753006, Odisha, India; e-mail: sankarimeena.agri@gmail.com
6 Department of Agricultural Entomology, RVS Agricultural College, Thanjavur - 613402, Tamil Nadu, India; e-mail: agadeeschandru@gmail.com

The morphology, physiology, behaviour and ecology of spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on different host plants differ greatly. The genetic differences between the A. dispersus populations on 17 host plants were evaluated in the current study. Microsatellite markers were used to identify the presence of host-related genetic variation among A. dispersus populations. Our research clearly shows that there is a significant amount of genetic divergence among the A. dispersus populations on 17 host plants in India. The spiralling whitefly on acalypha and calotropis were genetically more distinct than whiteflies on other host plants. Various population genetic parameters, like heterozygosity, Nei's genetic distance, fixation indices (FST), source of genetic variation in AMOVA, etc. indicate that populations of spiralling whiteflies differ greatly genetically, probably because the spiralling whitefly populations on the Indian sub-continent came from multiple sources. The results of this study have implications for the quarantine protection strategy against this invasive pest.

Keywords: Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae, Aleurodicus dispersus, genetic variability, host plants, India, microsatellite markers, polymorphism

Received: July 20, 2018; Revised: June 2, 2019; Accepted: June 2, 2019; Published online: June 27, 2019  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
BOOPATHI, T., MOHANKUMAR, S., GAYACHARAN,, KALYANASUNDARAM, M.P., SINGH, S.B., ARAVINDRAJ, R., ... CHANDRASEKAR, K. (2019). Host-based genetic divergence in populations of an exotic spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). EJE, 116, Article 221-228. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2019.024
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Akinlosotu T.A., Jackai L.E.N., Ntonifor N.N., Hassan A.T., Agyakwa C.W., Odebiyi J.A., Akingbohungbe A.E. & Rossel H.W. 1993: Spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus in Nigeria. - FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 41: 127-129.
    2. Alam S., Islam M.N., Alam M.Z. & Islam M.S. 1998: Effectiveness of three insecticides for the control of the spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell) of guava. - Bangladesh J. Entomol. 8: 53-58.
    3. Anderson J.A., Churchill G.A., Autrique J.E., Tanksley S.D. & Sorrells M.E. 1993: Optimizing parental selection for genetic linkage maps. - Genome 36: 181-186. Go to original source...
    4. Boopathi T. 2008: Monitoring and management of pest complex of fruits, vegetables and spices in Mizoram. In: Annual Report of ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region 2008-2009. ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 289 pp.
    5. Boopathi T. 2013: Biological Control and Molecular Characterization of Spiralling Whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell on Cassava and Brinjal. PhDr. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 351 pp.
    6. Boopathi T., Karuppuchamy P., Kalyanasundaram M., Mohankumar S. & Ravi M. 2013: Pathogenicity, ovicidal action, and median lethal concentrations (LC50) of entomopathogenic fungi against exotic spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell. - J. Pathog. 2013: 393787, 7 pp. Go to original source...
    7. Boopathi T., Mohankumar S., Karuppuchamy P., Kalyanasundaram M., Ravi M., Preetha B. & Aravindraj R. 2014: Genetic evidence for diversity of spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) populations in India. - Fla. Entomol. 97: 1115-1122. Go to original source...
    8. Boopathi T., Karuppuchamy P., Kalyanasundaram M., Mohankumar S., Ravi M. & Singh S.B. 2015a: Microbial control of the exotic spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on eggplant using entomopathogenic fungi. - Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 9: 39-46. Go to original source...
    9. Boopathi T., Karuppuchamy P., Singh S.B., Kalyanasundaram M., Mohankumar S. & Ravi M. 2015b: Microbial control of the invasive spiraling whitefly on cassava with entomopathogenic fungi. - Brazilian J. Microbiol. 46: 1077-1085. Go to original source...
    10. Boopathi T., Singh S.B., Ravi M. & Manju T. 2016: Distribution and biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in India and its predatory potential against Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). - J. Ecol. Entomol. 109: 1988-1994. Go to original source...
    11. Boopathi T., Sankari Meena K., Ravi M. & Thirunavukarasu K. 2017a: Impact of insecticides on spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its natural enemy complex in cassava under open field conditions. - Crop Prot. 94: 137-143. Go to original source...
    12. Boopathi T., Mohankumar S., Karuppuchamy P., Singh S.B., Ravi M., Preetha B., Aravindraj R. & Manju T. 2017b: SSR markers based identification of genetic variability of spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus populations in Tamil Nadu, India. - Indian J. Biotechnol. 16: 276-282.
    13. Botstein D., White R.L., Skolnick M. & Davis R.W. 1980: Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. - Am. J. Hum. Genet. 32: 314-331.
    14. De Barro P.J. 2005: Genetic structure of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in the Asia-Pacific region revealed using microsatellite markers. - Mol. Ecol. 14: 3695-3718. Go to original source...
    15. De Barro P.J., Scott K.D., Graham G.C., Lange C.L. & Schutze M.K. 2003: Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Bemisia tabaci. - Mol. Ecol. Notes 3: 40-43. Go to original source...
    16. Delatte H., David P., Granier M., Lett J.M., Goldbach R., Peterschmitt M. & Reynaud B. 2006: Microsatellites reveal extensive geographical, ecological and genetic contacts between invasive and indigenous whitefly biotypes in an insular environment. - Genet. Res. 87: 109-124. Go to original source...
    17. Díaz F., Endersby N.M. & Hoffmann A.A. 2015: Genetic structure of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci populations in Colombia following a recent invasion. - Insect Sci. 22: 483-494. Go to original source...
    18. Earl D.A. & VonHoldt B.M. 2012: STRUCTURE HARVESTER: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method. - Conserv. Genet. Resour. 4: 359-361. Go to original source...
    19. Elfekih S., Tay W.T., Gordon K., Court L. & De Barro P. 2018a: Standardized molecular diagnostic tool for the identification of cryptic species within the Bemisia tabaci complex. - Pest Manag. Sci. 74: 170-173. Go to original source...
    20. Elfekih S., Etter P., Tay W.T., Fumagalli M., Gordon K., Johnson E. & De Barro P. 2018b: Genome-wide analyses of the Bemisia tabaci species complex reveal contrasting patterns of admixture and complex demographic histories. - PLoS ONE 13: e0190555, 17 pp. Go to original source...
    21. Evanno G., Regnaut S. & Goudet J. 2005: Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. - Mol. Ecol. 14: 2611-2620. Go to original source...
    22. Excoffier L., Laval G. & Schneider S. 2005: Arlequin (ver 3.0): An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. - Evol. Bioinform. Online 1: 47-50. Go to original source...
    23. Gauthier N., Dalleau-Clouet C. & Bouvret M.E. 2008: Twelve new polymorphic microsatellite loci and PCR multiplexing in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. - Mol. Ecol. Resour. 8: 1004-1007. Go to original source...
    24. Gawel N.J. & Jarrett R.L. 1991: A modified CTAB DNA extraction procedure for Musa and Ipomoea. - Plant Mol. Biol. 9: 262-266. Go to original source...
    25. Geetha B. 2000: Biology and Management of Spiralling Whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Homoptera: Aleurodidae). PhDr. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 196 pp.
    26. Jarne P. & Lagoda P.J. 1996: Microsatellites, from molecules to populations and back. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 11: 424-429. Go to original source...
    27. Ma G.C., Wu X., Ma C.L., Wu H.L., Hu H.Y., Niu L.M. & Fu Y.G. 2011: Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae). - Genet. Mol. Res. 10: 2523-2526. Go to original source...
    28. Mani M. & Krishnamoorthy A. 1999a: Natural enemies and host plants of spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Bangalore, Karnataka. - Entomon 24: 75-80.
    29. Mani M. & Krishnamoorthy A. 1999b: Predatory potential and development of Australian ladybird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. on the spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell. - Entomon 24: 166-171.
    30. Mayer H., Mclaughlin J., Hunsberger A., Vasquez L., Olcyzk T. & Mannion C. 2010: Common questions about the gumbo limbo spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus). The Miami-Dade Cooperative Extension, http://monroe.ifas.ufl.edu/pdf/Hort/GumboLimbo SpirallingWhiteflyQuestions.pdf.
    31. Muniappan R. 1996: Spiralling Whitefly Threat. The Hindu, Tamil Nadu, 12 pp.
    32. Nei M. 1973: Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. - PNAS 70: 3321-3323. Go to original source...
    33. Palaniswami M.S., Pillai K.S., Nair R.R. & Mohandas C. 1995: A new cassava pest in India. - Cassava Newslett. 19: 6-7.
    34. Pritchard J.K., Stephens M. & Donnelly P. 2000: Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. - Genetics 155: 945-959. Go to original source...
    35. Ranjith A.M., Rao D.S. & Thomas J. 1996: New host records of the "mealy whitefly", Aleurodicus dispersus Russell in Kerala. - Insect Environ. 2: 34-35.
    36. Russell L.M. 1965: A new species of Aleurodicus Douglas and two close relatives. - Fla Entomol. 48: 47-55. Go to original source...
    37. Simon J.C., Carré S., Boutin M., Prunier-Leterme N., Sabater-Mun B., Latorre A. & Bournoville R. 2003: Host-based divergence in populations of the pea aphid: insights from nuclear markers and the prevalence of facultative symbionts. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (B) 270: 1703-1712. Go to original source...
    38. Srinivasa M.V. 2000: Host plants of the spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). - Pest Manag. Hort. Ecosyst. 6: 79-105.
    39. Tsagkarakou A., Tsigenopoulos C.S., Gorman K., Lagnel J. & Bedford I.D. 2007: Biotype status and genetic polymorphism of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Greece: mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites. - Bull. Entomol. Res. 97: 29-40. Go to original source...
    40. van Berloo R. 2008: GGT 2.0: Versatile software for visualization and analysis of genetic data. - J. Heredity 99: 232-236. Go to original source...
    41. Weir B.S. & Cockerham C.C. 1984: Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. - Evolution 38: 1358-1370. Go to original source...
    42. Wen H.C., Hsu T.C. & Chen C.N. 1995: Yield loss and control of spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell). - J. Agric. Res. China 44: 147-156.
    43. Woets J. & van Lenteren J.C. 1976: The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). VI. Influence of the host plant on the greenhouse whitefly and its parasite Encarsia formosa. - Bull. IOBC/WPRS 4: 151-164. Go to original source...
    44. Yeh F.C., Yang R.C., Boyle T.B.J., Ye Z.H., Xiyan J.M., Yang R. & Boyle T.J. 2000: POPGENE 32: Microsoft Windows-Based Software for Population Genetic Analysis, Ver. 1.32. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content