Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 535-561, 2018 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2018.053

Larval descriptions of five Oriental bamboo-inhabiting Acroceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) with notes on their biologyOriginal article

Alexander SCHNEIDER1, Damir KOVAC1, Gary J. STECK2, Amnon FREIDBERG3
1 Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; e-mails: alexander.schneider@senckenberg.de, damir.kovac@senckenberg.de
2 Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32614-7100, U.S.A.; e-mail: gary.steck@freshfromflorida.com
3 The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; e-mail: afdipter@post.tau.ac.il

Third instar larvae of the genus Acroceratitis Hendel from North Thailand are described for the first time. They belong to A. ceratitina (Bezzi), A. distincta (Zia), A. histrionica (de Meijere), A. incompleta Hardy, and A. septemmaculata Hardy. Short descriptions of eggs, empty egg shells, and puparia are also presented. Acroceratitis larvae infest shoots of bamboo (Poaceae). Larval host plants of the studied species are Bambusa polymorpha Munro, Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro, Dendrocalamus hamiltoni Nees and Arnott ex Munro, D. strictus (Roxbourgh), Dendrocalamus sp. (unidentified) and Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata (Munro). The morphological characters of Acroceratitis larvae are compared with those of other Gastrozonini described so far. A key to Acroceratitis larvae is provided. Acroceratitis ceratitina, A. incompleta and A. septemmaculata are morphologically similar and clearly differentiated from A. distincta and A. histrionica by the lack of additional papillar sensilla on the labial lobe, the arrangement of the spinules on the creeping welts and other characters. The morphological differences between the two groups coincide with the type of substrate utilized by their larvae: A. ceratitina, A. incompleta and A. septemmaculata larvae feed in young and soft internode walls, while A. distincta and A. histrionica utilize harder bamboo tissue of already elongated bamboo shoot internodes. Acroceratitis histrionica larvae are special within the Gastrozonini, because they develop exclusively in cavities formed by the internode surface and the protecting culm sheath. Factors influencing spatial utilization of larval resources, preference for upright shoots as breeding substrate, larval behavior, types of bamboo damage caused by different species and attraction to sweat and urine in the adults are discussed.

Keywords: Tephritidae, Gastrozonini, Acroceratitis, first description, larvae, morphology, biology, Poaceae, bamboo, Thailand

Received: July 13, 2017; Revised: August 22, 2018; Accepted: August 22, 2018; Published online: October 11, 2018  Show citation

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SCHNEIDER, A., KOVAC, D., STECK, G.J., & FREIDBERG, A. (2018). Larval descriptions of five Oriental bamboo-inhabiting Acroceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) with notes on their biology. EJE, 115, Article 535-561. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2018.053
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