Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 303-311, 2018 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2018.029

Phenotypic pattern over centric fusion clinal variation in the water-hyacinth grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae)Original article

Pablo C. COLOMBO1, María I. REMIS1,2
1 Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina; e-mail: colombop@ege.fcen.uba.ar
2 Laboratorio de Estructura Poblacional, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (1428) Intendente Güiraldes y Costanera Norte, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: mariar@ege.fcen.uba.ar

The water-hyacinth grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum, occurs in freshwater environments in the New World between latitudes 23°N and 35°S. At the southernmost margin of this distribution the populations are polymorphic for three centric fusions (Robertsonian translocations). The frequencies of these chromosome rearrangements increase southwards and the recombination in structural homozygotes and heterozygotes diminishes both along the middle and lower courses of the Paraná River. In the present paper we report a similar cline along the southward flowing Uruguay River. In addition, we report the morphological effects of two of these centric fusion polymorphisms, namely the fusions between chromosomes 2 and 5 of the standard complement (fusion 2/5) and chromosomes 3 and 4 (fusion 3/4) and extend this study to the Uruguay River. There is a strong inverse correlation of fusion frequency with temperature, which indicates that these polymorphisms may be related to increased tolerance of colder climates in this originally tropical species, or some other correlated variable. This study is a further example of chromosomal clines correlated with latitude and is one of a few examples of chromosome polymorphisms associated with phenotypic effects. Finally, it indicates ways of using this species for controlling pests.

Keywords: Orthoptera, Acrididae, Cornops aquaticum, centric fusions, grasshoppers, chromosomal clines, morphometric effects

Received: December 20, 2017; Revised: April 11, 2018; Accepted: April 11, 2018; Published online: June 20, 2018  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
COLOMBO, P.C., & REMIS, M.I. (2018). Phenotypic pattern over centric fusion clinal variation in the water-hyacinth grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae). EJE, 115, Article 303-311. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2018.029
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Adis J., Bustorf E., Lhano M.G., Amédègnato C. & Nunes A.L. 2007: Distribution of Cornops grasshoppers (Leptysminae: Acrididae: Orthoptera) in Latin America and the Caribbean Islands. - Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 42: 11-24. Go to original source...
    2. Adis J., Sperber C.F., Brede E.G., Capello S., Franceschini M.C., Hill M.L., Lhano M.G., Marques M.M., Nunes A.L. & Polar P. 2008: Morphometric differences in the grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Bruner, 1906) from South America and South Africa. - J. Orthopt. Res. 17: 141-147. Go to original source...
    3. Adrion J.R., Hahn M.W. & Cooper B.S. 2015: Revisiting classic clines in Drosophila melanogaster in the age of genomics. - Trends Genet. 31: 434-444. Go to original source...
    4. Balanyà J., Huey R.B., Gilchrist G.W. & Serra L. 2009: The chromosomal polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura: a microevolutionary weapon to monitor global change. - Heredity 103: 364-367. Go to original source...
    5. Bidau C.J. 1990: The complex Robertsonian system of Dichroplus pratensis (Melanoplinae: Acrididae). II. Effects of the fusion polymorphisms on chiasma frequency and distribution. - Heredity 64: 145-159. Go to original source...
    6. Bidau C.J. & Hasson E.R. 1984: Population cytology of Leptysma argentina Bruner (Leptysminae, Acrididae). - Genetica 62: 161-175. Go to original source...
    7. Bidau C.J. & Martí D.A. 2005: Variability of chiasma frequency and morphological characters along a latitudinal gradient in Dichroplus pratensis (Orthoptera, Acrididae). - Eur. J. Entomol. 102: 1-12. Go to original source...
    8. Bidau C.J. & Mirol P.M. 1988: Orientation and segregation of Robertsonian trivalents in Dichroplus pratensis (Acrididae). - Genome 30: 947-955. Go to original source...
    9. Bidau C.J., Giménez M.D., Palmer C.L. & Searle J.B. 2001: The effects of Robertsonian fusions on chiasma frequency and distribution in the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) from a hybrid zone in northern Scotland. - Heredity 87: 305-313. Go to original source...
    10. Blackburn T.M., Gaston K.J. & Loder N. 1999: Geographic gradients in body size: a clarification of Bergmann's rule. - Divers. Distrib 5: 175-174. Go to original source...
    11. Blanckenhorn W.U. & Demont M. 2004: Bergmann and converse Bergmann latitudinal clines in arthropods: two ends of a continuum? - Integr. Compar. Biol. 44: 413-424. Go to original source...
    12. Bownes A. 2009: Evaluation of a plant-herbivore system in determining potential efficacy of a candidate biological control agent, Cornops aquaticum for water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes. PhD Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 204 pp.
    13. Bownes A., King A. & Nongogo A. 2013: Pre-release studies and release of the grasshopper Cornops aquaticum in South Africa - a new biological control agent for water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes. In Wu Y. et al. (eds): Proc. of the XIII. International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA, 11-16 September, 2011. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, pp. 3-13.
    14. Camacho J.P., Sharbel T.F. & Beukeboom L.W. 2000: B-chromosome evolution. - Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. (B) 355: 163-178. Go to original source...
    15. Capello S., Wysiecki M. & Marchese M. 2010: Feeding patterns of the aquatic grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the middle Paraná River, Argentina. - Neotrop. Entomol. 40: 170-175.
    16. Center T.D., Hill M.P., Cordo H. & Julien M.H. 2002: Waterhyacinth. In Van Driesche R.B., Blossey M., Hoddle L.S. & Reardon R. (eds): Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. Forest Health and Technology Enterprises Team, West Virginia, pp. 41-64.
    17. Ciplak B., Sirin D., Taylan M.S. & Kaya S. 2008: Altitudinal size clines, species richness and population density: case studies in Orthoptera. - J. Orthopt. Res. 17: 157-163. Go to original source...
    18. Coetzee J.A., Hill M.P., Byrne M.J. & Bownes A. 2011: A review on the biological control programmes on Eichhornia crassipes (C. Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae), Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch (Salviniaceae), Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. (Haloragaceae) and Azolla filiculoides Lam. (Azollaceae) in South Africa. - Afr. Entomol. 19: 451-468. Go to original source...
    19. Colombo P.C. 1987: Effects of centric fusions on chiasma frequency and position in Leptysma argentina (Acrididae: Orthoptera). I. Spontaneous and stable polymorphic centric fusions. - Genetica 72: 171-179. Go to original source...
    20. Colombo P.C. 1989: Chromosome polymorphisms affecting recombination and exophenotypic traits in Leptysma argentina (Orthoptera): a populational survey. - Heredity 62: 289-299. Go to original source...
    21. Colombo P.C. 1990: Effects of centric fusions on chiasma frequency and position in Leptysma argentina (Acrididae: Orthoptera). II. Intra- and interchromosome effects. - Caryologia 43: 131-147. Go to original source...
    22. Colombo P.C. 1993: Chromosome polymorphisms and natural selection in Leptysma argentina (Orthoptera). II. Gametic phase disequilibrium and differential adult male viability. - Heredity 71: 295-299. Go to original source...
    23. Colombo P.C. 1997: Exophenotypic effects of chromosomal change: the case of Leptysma argentina (Orthoptera). - Heredity 79: 631-637. Go to original source...
    24. Colombo P.C. 2000: Chromosome polymorphisms and natural selection in Leptysma argentina (Orthoptera). IV. Survival selection acts on karyotype polymorphisms at the adult stage and before. - Hereditas 133: 189-193. Go to original source...
    25. Colombo P.C. 2007: Effects of polymorphic Robertsonian rearrangements on the frequency and distribution of chiasmata in the water-hyacinth grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae). - Eur. J. Entomol. 104: 653-665. Go to original source...
    26. Colombo P.C. 2008: Cytogeography of three parallel Robertsonian polymorphisms in the water-hyacinth grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum. - Eur. J. Entomol. 105: 59-64. Go to original source...
    27. Colombo P.C. 2012: Environment-dependent regime of longevity selection in the chromosomally polymorphic species Leptysma argentina (Acrididae: Orthoptera). - Caryologia 65: 126-129. Go to original source...
    28. Colombo P.C. 2013: Micro-evolution in grasshoppers mediated by polymorphic Robertsonian translocations. - J. Insect Sci. 13: 43, 22 pp. Go to original source...
    29. Colombo P.C. & Confalonieri V.A. 1996: An adaptive pattern of inversion polymorphisms in Trimerotropis pallidipennis (Orthoptera). Correlation with environmental variables: an overall view. - Hereditas 125: 289-296. Go to original source...
    30. Colombo P.C. & Remis M.I. 2015: Morphometric variation in chromosomally polymorphic grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from South America: Bergmann and converse Bergmann patterns. - Fla Entomol. 98: 570-574. Go to original source...
    31. Colombo P.C., Pensel S. & Remis M.I. 2004: Chromosomal polymorphism, morphometric traits and mating success in Leptysma argentina Bruner (Orthoptera). - Genetica 121: 25-31. Go to original source...
    32. Dolskiy A.A., Lemskaya N.A., Maksimova Y.V., Shorina A.R., Kolesnikova I.S. & Yudkin D.V. 2018: Robertsonian translocation 13/14 associated with rRNA genes overexpression and intellectual disability. - Egypt. J. Medic. Hum. Genet. 19: 141-145. Go to original source...
    33. Dumas D. & Britton-Davidian J. 2002: Chromosomal rearrangements and evolution of recombination: comparison of chiasma distribution patterns in standard and Robertsonian populations of the house mouse. - Genetics 162: 1355-1366. Go to original source...
    34. Endler J.A. 1986: Natural Selection in the Wild. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 336 pp.
    35. Excoffier L. & Ray N. 2009: Surfing during population expansions promotes genetic revolutions and structuration. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 23: 347-351. Go to original source...
    36. Faria R. & Navarro A. 2010: Chromosomal speciation revisited: rearranging theory with pieces of evidence. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 25: 660-669. Go to original source...
    37. França Rocha M.F., Souza M.J. & Moura R.C. 2004: Karyotype analysis, constitutive heterochromatin and NOR distribution in five grasshopper species of the subfamily Leptysminae (Acrididae). - Caryologia 57: 107-116. Go to original source...
    38. Franceschini M.C., De Wysiecki M.L., Poi de Neiff A., Galassi M.E. & Martínez Fedra S. 2011: The role of the host-specific grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as consumer of native Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) floating meadows. - Rev. Biol. Trop. 59: 1407-1418.
    39. Franchini P., Colangelo P., Solano E., Capanna E., Verheyen E. & Castiglia R. 2010: Reduced gene flow at pericentromeric loci in a hybrid zone involving chromosomal races of the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus. - Evolution 64: 2020-2032. Go to original source...
    40. Franchini P., Colangelo P., Meyer A. & Fruciano C. 2016: Chromosomal rearrangements, phenotypic variation and modularity: a case study from a contact zone between house mouse Robertsonian races in Central Italy. - Ecol. Evol. 6: 1353-1362. Go to original source...
    41. Hallatschek O., Hersen P., Ramanathan S. & Nelson D.R. 2007: Genetic drift at expanding frontiers promotes gene segregation. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19926-19930. Go to original source...
    42. Hewitt G.M. 1979: Orthoptera: Grasshoppers and Crickets. Animal Cytogenetics. Vol. 3: Insecta 1. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 170 pp.
    43. Hewitt G.M. & Schroeter G. 1967: Population cytology of the genus Oedaleonotus. I. The karyotypic facies of Oedaleonotus enigma (Scudder). - Chromosoma 25: 121-140.  Go to original source...
    44. John B. 1983: The role of chromosome change in the evolution of orthopteroid insects. In Sharma A.K. & Sharma A. (eds): Chromosomes in Evolution of Eucariotic Groups. Vol. 1. CRS Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1-110.
    45. Laayouni H., García Franco F., Chávez Sandoval B.E., Trotta V., Beltran S., Corominas M. & Santos M. 2007: Thermal evolution of gene expression profiles in Drosophila subobscura. - BMC Evol. Biol. 7: e42, 15 pp. Go to original source...
    46. Lehmann G.U.C & Lehmann A.W. 2008: Variation in body size among populations of the bushcricket Poecilimon thessalicus (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae): an ecological adaptation. - J. Orthopt. Res. 17: 165-169. Go to original source...
    47. Lemeunier F. & Aulard S. 1992: Inversion polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster. In Krimbas C.B. & Powell J.R. (eds): Drosophila Inversion Polymorphism. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 339-405.
    48. Marques-Bonet T. & Navarro A. 2005: Chromosomal rearrangements are associated to higher rates of molecular evolution in mammals. - Gene 353: 147-154. Go to original source...
    49. Martí D.A. & Bidau C.J. 1995: Male and female meiosis in a natural population of Dichroplus pratensis (Acrididae) polymorphic for Robertsonian translocations: A study of chiasma frequency and distribution. - Hereditas 123: 227-235. Go to original source...
    50. Martí E., Castillo E.R., Martí D.A. & Taffarel A. 2017: Polimorfismo de fusiones céntricas en poblaciones naturales de Scotussa cliens (Stal, 1861) (Acrididae: Melanoplinae). - J. Basic Appl. Genet. (Suppl.) 28: 52.
    51. McClung C.E. 1917: The multiple chromosomes of Hesperotettix and Mermiria (Orthoptera). - J. Morphol. 29: 519-605. Go to original source...
    52. Mesa A. 1956: Los cromosomas de algunos Acridoideos uruguayos (Orth. Caelifera, Acridoidea). - Agros 141: 32-45.
    53. Mesa A., Ferreira A. & Carbonell C.S. 1982: Cariología de los acrídidos Neotropicales: estado actual de su conocimiento y nuevas contribuciones. - Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (N.S.) 18: 507-526.
    54. Norry F.M. & Colombo P.C. 1999: Chromosome polymorphisms and natural selection in Leptysma argentina (Orthoptera): external phenotype affected by a centric fusion predicts adult survival. - J. Genet. 78: 57-62. Go to original source...
    55. Oberholzer I.G. & Hill M.P. 2001: How safe is the grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum for release on water hyacinth in South Africa? In Julien M.H, Hill M.P, Centre T.D. & Ding J. (eds): Biological and Integrated Control of Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes. ICIAR Proceedings 102, pp. 82-88.
    56. PAST (Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis) 2012: PAST Version 2.16; Paleontol Electron. URL: http:// www.palaeoelectronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm.
    57. Prevosti A., Ribó G., Serra L., Aguadé M., Balañá J., Monclús M. & Mestres F. 1988: Colonization of America by Drosophila subobscura: Experiment in natural populations that supports the adaptive role of chromosomal-inversion polymorphism. - Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 5597-5600. Go to original source...
    58. Remis M.I. 1989: Cytogenetic studies in Sinipta dalmani (Orthoptera: Acrididae). I. Effects of pericentric inversions on chiasma conditions. - Caryologia 42: 285-294. Go to original source...
    59. Remis M.I. 1990: Cytogenetic studies in Sinipta dalmani Stal (Orthoptera: Acrididae). II. Effects of centric fusions on chiasma frequency and distribution. - Génét. Sélect. Évol. 22: 263-272. Go to original source...
    60. Remis M.I. 2008: Chromosome polymorphisms in natural populations of the South American grasshopper Sinipta dalmani. - Genet. Mol. Biol. 31: 42-48. Go to original source...
    61. Rieseberg L.H. 2001: Chromosomal rearrangements and speciation. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 16: 351-358. Go to original source...
    62. Romero M.L., Colombo P.C. & Remis M.L. 2014: Morphometric differentiation in Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae): associations with sex, chromosome, and geographic conditions. - J. Insect Sci. 14: 164, 8 pp. Go to original source...
    63. Romero M.L., Colombo P.C. & Remis M.L. 2017: Microsatellite DNA analysis of population structure in Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae), over a cline for three Robertsonian translocations. - Evol. Ecol. 44: 273-283. Go to original source...
    64. Rosetti N.M.E & Remis M.I. 2017: Variability of minisatellite loci and mtDNA in individuals with and without B chromosomes from populations of the grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus. - Evol. Biol. 44: 273-283. Go to original source...
    65. Strasburg J.L., Scotti-Saintagne C., Scotti I., Lai Z. & Rieseberg L.H. 2009: Genomic patterns of adaptive divergence between chromosomally differentiated sunflower species. - Mol. Biol. Evol. 26: 1341-1355. Go to original source...
    66. Taffarel A., Bidau C.J. & Martí D.A. 2015: Chromosome fusion polymorphisms in the grasshopper, Dichroplus fuscus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae): Insights on meiotic effects. - Eur. J. Entomol. 112: 11-19. Go to original source...
    67. White M.J.D. 1951: A cytological survey of wild populations of Trimerotropis and Circotettix (Orthoptera, Acrididae). II. Racial differentiation in T. sparsa. - Genetics 36: 31-53. Go to original source...
    68. Whitman D.W. 2008: The significance of body size in the Orthoptera: a review. - J. Orthopt. Res. 17: 117-134. Go to original source...
    69. Wolff D.J. & Schwartz S. 1992: Characterization of Robertsonian translocations by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. - Am. J. Hum. Genet. 50: 174-181.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content